1 Chronicles 4:19

Authorized King James Version

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And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.

Original Language Analysis

וּבְנֵי֙ And the sons H1121
וּבְנֵי֙ And the sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 1 of 10
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֵ֣שֶׁת of his wife H802
אֵ֣שֶׁת of his wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 2 of 10
a woman
הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה Hodiah H1940
הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה Hodiah
Strong's: H1940
Word #: 3 of 10
a jewess
אֲח֣וֹת the sister H269
אֲח֣וֹת the sister
Strong's: H269
Word #: 4 of 10
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
נַ֔חַם of Naham H5163
נַ֔חַם of Naham
Strong's: H5163
Word #: 5 of 10
nacham, an israelite
אֲבִ֥י the father H1
אֲבִ֥י the father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 6 of 10
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
קְעִילָ֖ה of Keilah H7084
קְעִילָ֖ה of Keilah
Strong's: H7084
Word #: 7 of 10
keilah, a place in palestine
הַגַּרְמִ֑י the Garmite H1636
הַגַּרְמִ֑י the Garmite
Strong's: H1636
Word #: 8 of 10
bony, i.e., strong
וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ and Eshtemoa H851
וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ and Eshtemoa
Strong's: H851
Word #: 9 of 10
eshtemoa or eshtemoh, a place in palestine
הַמַּֽעֲכָתִֽי׃ the Maachathite H4602
הַמַּֽעֲכָתִֽי׃ the Maachathite
Strong's: H4602
Word #: 10 of 10
a maakathite, or inhabitant of maakah

Analysis & Commentary

And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite—this complex verse navigates familial relationships within Judah. הוֹדִיָּה (Hodiyah) means 'majesty of Yahweh' or 'praise Yahweh,' while נַחַם (Naham) means 'comfort.' Keilah, a fortified town David later rescued (1 Samuel 23), demonstrates how genealogies preserved both family and territorial connections.

The phrase 'father of Keilah' likely means 'founder' or 'chief,' showing patriarchs established settlements bearing their names or governance. This intertwining of genealogy and geography helped post-exilic returnees reclaim ancestral lands. Every name in these lists represented not just individuals but families, clans, and territorial claims rooted in God's covenant land promises.

Historical Context

Keilah, located in Judah's Shephelah (lowlands), served as a fortified border town against Philistine incursions. David's rescue of Keilah from Philistines (1 Samuel 23:1-13) demonstrated his leadership before becoming king. The town's inhabitants, however, would have betrayed David to Saul, showing political complexity in border regions.

Questions for Reflection